How to Winterize a Vacant Home

Last Updated: March 22, 2023 References Approved

When you're leaving your house during winter for an extended period, closing up a summer vacation home,or cleaning a foreclosure, it's important to winterize your property to prevent it from deteriorating while you're away. Take precautions to avoid using unnecessary utilities, keep out animals and insects, and keep your possessions safe from theft. Whether you're leaving for a few weeks or a year, the following suggestions will help you to plan and execute a winterization down to the last nut and bolt.

Steps

1
Make a checklist. Look carefully around the exterior and interior of your home and decide what needs to be done. Write it all down to create a “plan of action.” This will come in handy when it’s time to open up your house again, because without it, you probably won’t be able to remember all the things that have to be “un-done.” Divide your checklist into the following categories.

Method 1

Method 1 of 5:

Utilities and Plumbing

1
Turn off the water at the exterior. Make sure that the water supply is turned off completely at the main supply point. If the furnace should fail on a very cold day, water in a pipe could freeze and burst the pipe.^{[1]
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2
Open all faucets and drain all waterlines.^{[2]
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Research source} If you live in an area where freezing pipes can be a problem, drain the toilets, the water heater (turn off the gas or electric supply first) and the expansion tank.
- Get an air compressor to blow the lines of excess water. Eliminate or dilute the water in drain traps by pouring an "RV" type antifreeze solution into them, as directed by the instructions.
- Close the sink and tub drains.
- If a house is to be vacant for a long time, you may prevent water in a toilet’s trap from evaporating (and thereby permitting sewer gases to enter the home) by raising the toilet’s lid and seat and covering the bowl with saran wrap.
- If you have an indoor or outdoor pool, drain the water.
- Turn off and drain fountains and other sources of standing water.
- Drain water from dishwashers and pour RV antifreeze. with refrigerators (with a water dispenser or an ice maker) and washing machines, following the manufacturer’s directions. Remove the water filter from inside the refrigerator.
- Remove and empty any "whole house" or "in line" type filter canister.
3
Turn down the thermostat. Set your thermostat to a level adequate to keep the inside temperature above freezing and to keep things dry. If the home is located in a warm, damp climate, you should have a humidity indicator installed and set to maintain a reasonably dry interior.
4
Unplug all appliances. If you leave the electric power on, unplug electric appliances, including microwave ovens and TVs, to avoid the risk of fire in the event of a faulty switch or a rodent gnawing the wires.^{[3]
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5
Don't forget the gas. For long absences, some experts recommend shutting off gas hot water heaters completely.

Method 2

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Prepare the Kitchen

1
Clean out the refrigerator. Don't keep anything that is likely to go bad during the time you are away.^{[4]
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- Empty the freezer. Don't leave anything in it in case the electricity is off for an extended period of time; you won't necessarily be aware if this occurs, and the food will have thawed and refrozen, which is very dangerous.
- If you must keep frozen food, here is one method for determining if your freezer has warmed during the winter: freeze a container of water solid, then place a coin on the surface of the ice; if the coin has sunk into the ice when you return, then the freezer warmed, letting the ice melt and then refreeze.
- Wash the refrigerator and freezer thoroughly. Prop open their doors, the better to forestall mold and mildew (which like to grow in the dark) and their odors, which may transfer to the refrigerator’s plastic parts.
- To further thwart odors, place an open bag of activated charcoal on the inside of the open refrigerator.
2
Remove all food from the pantry. Dry foods that remain should be locked in tin- or aluminum-lined cupboards or cabinets, and seeds and grains should be stored in metal containers with tight lids.
3
Guard against insects and rodents.
- Wash kitchen trash containers and put away soap, sponges, candles and other possible sources of food for vermin.
- Place a botanical rodent repellent under the sink and on kitchen counters and use rodent deterrents under the sink and in the garage, too.
4
Remove items that could freeze. In areas subject to freezing, remove all bottled liquids, such as mineral water, soda, beer and paint, because their containers may burst when their contents freeze. Empty water from jars, vases and even decorative indoor mini-fountains.
5
Take all the trash out of your home before you leave.

Method 3

Method 3 of 5:

Prepare the Rest of the Home

1
Wash everything. If linens, bedding, towels and the like remain, they should be washed or cleaned and then stored in boxes, preferably rodent-proof ones. Strip beds to allow the mattresses to air out. Open empty drawers and closets; use mothballs in the others.^{[5]
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- Vacuum carpets and floors. This will ensure that no crumbs or other sources of food remain for vermin.
2
Remove all fire hazards. Dispose of or move potentially flammable items such as oily rags and stacked papers, before you leave.
3
Close flues and dampers.
4
Arrange for indoor plants to be watered if necessary.

Method 4

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Outdoor Areas

1
Protect the yard and garden.
- Arrange to have the lawn mowed and shrubbery trimmed.
- Cover any plants that are frost intolerant.
- Arrange to have your garden watered if necessary.
2
Store outdoor furniture. Place tables, chairs, hammocks, delicate garden ornamentation, and other outdoor accessories in a garage, shed or storage unit.^{[6]
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- Leave nothing outdoors that can be blown about by a strong wind.
3
Lock away expensive vehicles. Pleasure craft such as boats, ATVs, bicycles, canoes, kayaks and cars should be locked in a garage or storage shed. Block window views into this storage space.

Method 5

Method 5 of 5:

Security measures

1
Lock your house at all entry points. High quality locks for your doors and windows are a must. Check that all your windows and doors are shut and locked. install a hasp on doors that do not have a deadbolt.
- Close window shutters. Aside from enhancing security, shutters will, along with drapes, blinds and curtains, keep carpeting and fabrics from fading.
2
Make it look like someone is home. Buy a couple of light timers and set them up to turn on automatically in the evenings. If it's a summer vacation home, this may be less viable. Instead, have neighbors keep an eye on your home occasionally.^{[7]
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3
Do not leave valuables in a vacation home that may attract thieves. At the very least, move them out of the line of sight from windows.
- Take all small valuables with you.
4
Stop your mail. This can be done online at USPS.gov. Stop any other routine deliveries as well.
- Pay your bills before you go. You may also wish to make arrangements to pay remotely by internet.
- Ask a neighbor to be on the lookout for packages which may come to you by UPS, FedEx or any another service.
5
Have someone make regular check-ins. If there is a neighbor who’ll remain in the area while you’re gone, leave them with a key for emergency entry if something should go wrong. Also leave them with your cellphone number, home phone number, e-mail.^{[8]
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- Consider adding a remote monitoring system to check the status of your temperature, humidity and power. There are even systems that operate over a cellular connection so that you don't need an active landline or internet connection.

Community Q&A

Question

How much pressure is needed to blow out the lines with an air compressor?

Community Answer

Anywhere between 15 - 80 psi would probably be fine--just don't exceed 80 psi. The main thing you'll need is air volume, not pressure.
Question

What type of antifreeze should I use?

Community Answer

RV antifreeze. It is made for winterizing anything you don't want to freeze. It is not the same antifreeze you put in your radiator, it is less expensive and usually red in color. It can be found at any hardware store, auto store, or big box store. It comes in gallon plastic jugs.
Question

Once the water is shut off, should I turn off the circuit breaker to the electric water heater?

Community Answer

You can and it's not a bad practice at all. In fact, that's your only option if there are no external settings on the water heater itself.

Warnings

Water leaks that develop while you are away could run up your water bill significantly, and could also cause massive damage. This is especially true of a popped washing machine supply hose. Once these things burst, there is nothing to hold back the large stream of water which will start to flow. Turning off the water at the main is the best way to guard against such leaks.

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