How to Remove Hard Water Stains From Glass

Co-authored by Raymond Chiu

Hard water stains appear as white, hazy spots on glass surfaces. This is due to a build-up of alkaline and other minerals in your water. While these stains are notoriously tough to remove, you can use both liquid and non-liquid cleaners to help get your glass back into sparkling condition. There are also several ways that you can prevent hard water stains from returning once you’ve successfully removed them.

Method 1

Method 1 of 3:

Using Liquid Cleaners

1
Use an acidic cleaner for best results. Because hard water stains are alkaline, it’s best to remove them with a powerful acid. Look for a cleaning product that contains either phosphoric, sulfuric, or hydrochloric acid, as these acids should be able to effectively break down the stains. Read the directions on the product’s label and apply the acid cleaner to the stained areas as instructed.^{[1]
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- Acidic cleaning products are toxic, so be sure to take safety precautions when handling them, such as wearing eye protection and gloves, and don’t use them on surfaces that come in contact with food, such as kitchen countertops.
- Acidic cleaning products work well on enamel and acrylic surfaces but can damage many others, including natural marble, stone, terrazzo, anodized or polished aluminum, and colored grout. To prevent damage, test the product in an inconspicuous area before using it on the entire stained area.^{[2]
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2
Mix salt and water. Combine salt and water and use the mixture to remove the mineral buildup. The salt acts as a scouring powder and can cut through the stain. Apply the mixture to the area and use a clean cloth to rub the stain in a circular motion. Rinse the glass thoroughly when finished to remove all saltwater residue.

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3
Use white vinegar. Vinegar is an acid, which helps to loosen mineral deposits, and white vinegar is clear/colorless enough to not cause any staining. It’s also a natural liquid cleaner that isn’t toxic and won't potentially burn your eyes or lungs like other chemical cleaners.^{[3]
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Expert Source

Raymond Chiu
House Cleaning Professional
Expert Interview. 8 May 2020.}
- Mix some lemon juice into the vinegar to increase the effectiveness and add a fresh lemon scent. Lemon juice (another an acid) has the same effect on minerals as vinegar.^{[4]
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- Put your vinegar and lemon juice in a spray bottle and slightly warm them in the microwave, for 20-40 seconds depending on your microwave. A warmed cleaner can be more effective at lifting stains than cold or room temperature cleaner. Just be sure to remove the spray bottle top so that it doesn’t explode in the microwave.^{[5]
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- Spray the vinegar solution on the glass and let it stand for about 2-3 minutes before wiping it clean with a dry, lint-free cloth or a paper towel.
- To remove hard water stains from drinking glasses and other small glass items, fill a basin with a 50/50 solution of vinegar and water, and allow the items to soak in the solution for several hours before rinsing thoroughly.
4
Add a rinsing agent to your dishwasher. A rinsing agent, such as Jet-Dry, will help remove hard water stains from your dishes. Fill up the designated area in your dishwasher with the rinsing agent, add your usual dishwashing detergent, and run the dishwasher for clear and clean glasses.
5
Add ammonia to basic cleaning products. You can try super-charging your regular all-purpose window/glass cleaner with some ammonia in order to cut through hard water stains.^{[6]
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Get help from your hardware store. If these commercial products still don’t give you the desired results, you can get even tougher products from your local hardware store. Be careful though, and be sure to follow all of the manufacturer’s instructions since these will be very powerful products.^{[7]
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Method 2

Method 2 of 3:

Using Non-Liquid Cleaners

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Start with some “elbow grease.” Before getting into expensive or potentially toxic cleaning products, try using these scrubbing techniques first.
- Use “magic” and “eraser” cleaning pads or other non-scratching scrubbing sponges to safely scrub your glass surfaces. Try to remove as much as you can by scrubbing with one of these moistened sponges.^{[8]
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  Raymond Chiu
  House Cleaning Professional
  Expert Interview. 8 May 2020.}
- It’s okay to use baking soda as an abrasive,^{[9]
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  Expert Source
  
  Raymond Chiu
  House Cleaning Professional
  Expert Interview. 8 May 2020.} but never use hard-bristle brushes or other abrasive cleaning tools when cleaning glass. These tools can damage the surface of the glass by scratching and/or etching it.
- Scrubbing works best on smaller hard water deposits, newer stains, and those that are not firmly set in.^{[10]
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2
Brush on some toothpaste. Many home cleaners use toothpaste as an alternative to baking soda.^{[11]
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- Apply some regular toothpaste to a moist towel and rub it over the stain using circular motions.
- Wait a few minutes and then rinse off the paste with equal parts water and vinegar to remove all residue.
3
Use commercial paste cleaners. There are several commercial cleaning products for hard water stains that come in a paste formula.
- The main benefit of using a paste over liquid cleaner is that the paste will not leave its own liquid streaks or water marks.
- A downside to using paste products, though, is that they can leave behind a foggy haze if not buffed off of the glass. Be sure to follow all the label instructions to avoid this side effect.

Method 3

Method 3 of 3:

Preventing Future Hard Water Stains

1
Stop stains before they start. One of the best ways to get rid of hard water stains is to intervene at the source of the problem and try to correct the pH balance and mineral levels in your water.
- You can try to remove the minerals in the water by attaching a filter to your water system.^{[12]
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- Water softeners can also be added to counteract hard water.
2
Regularly wipe down and clean glass surfaces. Hard water should be removed regularly in order to prevent it from drying into stains.
- Dry your shower doors after each use with a lint-free towel or with a squeegee to remove all water residue or streaks.^{[13]
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- Clean your glass every week or so to stay ahead of build-up.
- Act quickly: the longer a stain sits, the harder it will be to remove, and it can even become permanently etched into the glass surface.^{[14]
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Protect from future stains. You can also prevent hard water stains by sealing or protecting your glass surfaces.
- For glass tables, be sure to use coasters under drinking glasses. They’ll intercept any drips and spills and keep them from leaving ring stains on the table.^{[15]
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- For shower doors, consider applying a wax-based protective coat once or twice a year. The water will run off the wax-treated glass and leave your door clear and clean.^{[16]
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Expert Q&A

Question

What do you use to scrub glass?

Raymond Chiu
House Cleaning Professional
Raymond Chiu is the Director of Operations for MaidSailors.com, a residential and commercial cleaning service based in New York City that provides home and office cleaning services at affordable prices. He has a Bachelors in Business Administration and Management from Baruch College.

Raymond Chiu

House Cleaning Professional

Expert Answer

Try "magic" and "eraser" cleaning pads because they clean without leaving scratches. Make sure you use a non-scratching sponge on glass.
Question

How do I remove factory cup marks from my glass interior?

Mark Spelman
Construction Professional
Mark Spelman is a General Contractor based in Austin, Texas. With over 30 years of construction experience, Mark specializes in constructing interiors, project management, and project estimation. He has been a construction professional since 1987.

Mark Spelman

Construction Professional

Expert Answer

Elbow grease is the best method for removing marks from the glass. Scrub the area with a firm pressure to remove the residue. If this doesn't work, try one of the cleaners listed above.
Question

How do I remove hard water stains from my glass shower door?

Raymond Chiu
House Cleaning Professional
Raymond Chiu is the Director of Operations for MaidSailors.com, a residential and commercial cleaning service based in New York City that provides home and office cleaning services at affordable prices. He has a Bachelors in Business Administration and Management from Baruch College.

Raymond Chiu

House Cleaning Professional

Expert Answer

Spray the door with undiluted vinegar and let the liquid sit for 10-15 minutes. Then use a microfiber cloth or squeegee to wipe. You can also add baking soda to the mixture if the stains are very tough. Repeat the steps if the stains are still present.

Warnings

Be sure to always follow the manufacturer's label instructions and wear the appropriate protective gear (gloves, eye protection, a face mask) before using chemical cleaners.

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Make sure you do not add ammonia to bleach.

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