A Complete Guide to Getting Rid of Bed Bugs

Blech—is that a bed bug you just saw crawling around your mattress? It can be hard to get a good night’s sleep when you’re worried about the unwanted pests that are making themselves at home in your home. Not to worry, though—as annoying as they are, you can permanently get rid of bed bugs on your own. We’ll walk you through everything you need to know, so you can completely eliminate, prevent, and recover from these pests.

Section 1 of 5:

How do I permanently get rid of bed bugs at home?

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    Move any beds away from the walls and wash the headboards. Slide your bed away from the wall to isolate your bed. Then, clean off the headboards with sudsy water to clear away any bed bugs still hanging around.[1]
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    Vacuum your mattress, bed frame, box spring, and carpet. Clean your vacuum bag out. Then, get a thin hose attachment and vacuum everything.[2] Go over each section of your mattress 2-3 times, along with the sides and base of your bed frame. Finish things off by vacuuming the floor and going over carpeted areas 2-3 times. This removes any adults that are hanging out around your bed.[3]
    • If possible, use a HEPA vacuum or vacuum bag. The bed bugs won’t be able to climb out of these bags after you suck them up.
    • For an extra thorough clean, vacuum around the other parts of your room, like the walls, moldings, trim, and vents. Even your dresser drawers can benefit from a good vacuuming!
    • Dump your vacuum bag or bagless vacuum contents in a sturdy plastic bag. Then, tape the bag shut and toss it in the trash.[4]
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    Suffocate the bed bugs with mattress covers and box spring covers. Slide your infested mattress and box spring into large, sturdy covers designed for bed bugs and/or dust mites. Seal these covers up tightly, inspecting them occasionally for tears.[5]
    • Patch up any tears with a strip of duct tape.
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    Wash and dry infested items on high heat. Stick any dirty and infested linens and clothes in your washer at 140 °F (60 °C). Then, transfer the washed items to your tumble dryer for a 20-minute cycle on really high heat.[6] Use as many loads as necessary—this will kill any bed bugs and eggs in your clothes, blankets, and sheets.[7]
    • If your infested clothing or linens are already clean, stick them in the dryer rather than the washer.
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    Steam-clean any infested furniture. Rent or buy a professional steam cleaner and use it on your armchairs, sofas, and other upholstered items. Move the steam cleaning nozzle slowly, taking 20 seconds to cover 1 ft (0.30 m) of space.[8]
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    Seal any openings or cracks in the infested rooms. Inspect the surrounding walls for any openings or cracks that bed bugs could possibly enter through. Fill up these openings with a silicone-based sealant to keep more of the pests at bay. Any crack or crevice within 15 ft (4.6 m) of the main infestation point needs to be sealed up.[9]
    • Look for other small openings around your living space, like open screw or nail holes. Believe it or not, bed bugs can hide out there![10]
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    Throw out any infested items that aren’t salvageable. Is your couch still overrun with bed bugs after multiple rounds with the vacuum and steam cleaner? If so, it might be better to cut your losses and kick it to the curb—literally! Just be sure to destroy the item as much as you can so no one is tempted to grab it for themselves.[11]
    • Stick smaller, unsalvageable items in a sturdy plastic trash bag. Then, tape an “infested with bed bugs” label to the bag to give other people (like your neighbors and trash collectors) a head’s up.
    • Spray “bed bugs” on bigger pieces of furniture with paint to really send the message home.
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    Check the infested rooms weekly to see if any progress is being made. Inspect the mattress, bed frame, and other bed bug hot spots to see if you notice any visible critters, skins, or staining. Bed bugs are persistent pests, so don’t be discouraged if you don’t see results immediately.[12]
    • Interceptors are a really handy way to keep tabs on your home’s bed bug status.
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    Call a pest control professional if the bed bugs don’t go away. Look online for pest control companies that have stellar reviews, and/or check with friends and neighbors for recommendations. Just keep in mind that professional bed bug extermination requires at least 2 treatments as well as a follow-up session—it isn’t a “one and done” deal.[13]
    • Pest control professionals have more thorough and effective extermination options to choose from, like heat treatment systems and pressurized CO2 snow.[14]
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Section 2 of 5:

Natural Ways to Get Rid of Bed Bugs

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    Freeze infested items for 3 days at 0 °F (−18 °C). Slide the items into a sealed plastic bags and stick them in the freezer. Cold temperatures don’t kill bed bugs right away, so keep your bags frozen for at least 3 days, to be safe.[15]
    • If your freezer only goes down to 32 °F (0 °C), keep the infested items in the freezer for 15-30 days.[16]
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    Sprinkle pesticide-grade diatomaceous earth around the infested area. Focus on the spots that bed bugs frequent the most, like around bed frames and inside wall crevices. Just keep in mind that diatomaceous earth isn’t an instant remedy—you’ll need to wait up to 2 weeks before seeing any results.[17]
    • Make sure that your diatomaceous earth is labeled specifically for insect/pesticide use. Food- and pool-grade varieties aren’t safe to breathe in, so you shouldn’t sprinkle them around your home.[18]
    • Always wear a mask when you sprinkle any diatomaceous earth around your home.[19]
    • Follow the directions on your package of diatomaceous earth to make sure you’re applying and cleaning it up properly.[20]
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    Set up bug interceptors around the infestation. Slide 4 interceptors or empty plastic containers beneath the 4 legs of your bed (or another piece of infested furniture). Then, pour a little bit of cooking oil into each dish. Keep an eye on these containers and see if they catch or “intercept” any bed bugs.[21]
    • If you’re using containers, make sure that they’re made with really sturdy plastic. If any of your traps crack or break under the pressure, switch them out with a solid replacement.
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Section 3 of 5:

How can you tell if you have a bed bug infestation?

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    Look for live bugs, nymphs, and eggs. Fully-grown bed bugs are red-brown (occasionally bright red if they recently bit and fed on something). Bed bugs nymphs are a light yellow or white color (or super bright red after eating blood). The smallest and lightest of all, eggs are a translucent white color, developing reddish eyespots as they get older.[22]
    • Fully-grown, adult bed bugs are roughly apple seed-sized, while nymphs are smaller (but still possible to spot). Each bed bug egg is pinhead-sized.
    • Adult bed bugs look bigger and rounder after feeding. A hungry, underfed bed bug looks flatter.
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    Molted skins and dung indicate a bed bug infestation. As bed bugs grow from nymphs to adults, they molt their outer exoskeletons. These molted skins are a honey-gold color, though they may range in size. Bed bug dung appears in clusters of round, black spots—they’re small, but still large enough to spot at a distance.[23]
    • Bed bug dung commonly pops up around mattress seams, mattress tags, baseboards, ceiling/wall seams, and power outlets. You might also spot them behind your bed’s headboard, along the very edge of your rug or carpet, or along the seam of a curtain, around the rod.
    • Bed bugs often group up together after having a meal—these gatherings are known as “aggregations.” Aggregation spots are often filled with adult bed bugs, nymphs, eggs, dung, and molted skins.
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    Search carefully around your bedroom to look for signs of bed bugs. Bed bugs notoriously love to hang out around mattresses and box springs, but they can pop up in a variety of different spots. Grab a flashlight and check:
    • Around the bed: Inspect beneath the mattress and box spring, around your bed frame, and around your sheets and pillowcases.
    • Furniture: Check out furniture that’s close to your bed as well as any other upholstered seats and couches in your home.
    • Walls and floors: Inspect wall cracks, peeling wallpaper, baseboards, molding, floorboards, doorframes, window trim, window coverings, wall decorations, frames, mirrors, rugs, and electric sockets and other wall-mounted electronic devices.[24]
    • If you can’t identify any bed bugs with absolute certainty, carefully bag up a bug or molted skin and bring it to your county’s extension office. They can examine the specimen and confirm whether or not it’s a bed bug.[25] Find your local extension office here: http://npic.orst.edu/pest/countyext.htm
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    Check other rooms to see how far the bed bugs have spread. Inspect any nearby bedrooms and living spaces for visible bed bugs, eggs, and stains. You’ll need to clean out any area that’s potentially infested.[26]
    • If you don’t clean out every infested space, the bed bugs will continue to spread and be a nuisance around your home.
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Section 4 of 5:

Ways to Prevent Bed Bugs

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    Organize and clear away any clutter in your home. Sort through any piles of clothing lying around the room, along with anything else that’s taking up space. Try to get rid of as much clutter as possible—the cleaner your home, the harder it is for bed bugs to hide away.[27]
    • Focus your cleaning efforts on rooms where bed bugs are especially likely to hide, like your bedroom.
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    Inspect any used furniture and/or clothing before bringing it inside. Bed bugs can easily get a ride into your home through old furniture, clothes, and other secondhand items. Check each item for bed bugs, stains, eggs, and/or dung. Leave any suspicious-looking items at the store instead of taking them home.[28]
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    Wash and dry potentially infested items as soon as possible. Not sure if the motel bed you slept on had bed bugs? Play it safe by washing your clothes right away, using a high-heat wash and dry cycle.[29]
    • If you can’t wash your clothes right away, seal them up tightly in a plastic bag for the time being.
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    Store freshly-laundered clothes and bedding in plastic bins. Bed bugs aren’t a fan of plastic surfaces, which makes plastic bins the perfect way to protect your clothes and linens. Stash your sanitized sheets, clothes, and other items in plastic bins while you’re dealing with an infestation at home.[30]
    • Sealable plastic bags can also work in a pinch—just make sure that they’re labeled “heavy-duty.”
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    Take precautions while traveling so bed bugs don’t hop into your luggage. Stash your luggage in the bathroom when you first arrive; that way, bed bugs can’t sneak into your belongings from the nearby carpet, furniture, and bedding. Then, thoroughly inspect the luggage stand for critters, stains, or other telltale bed bug signs. If everything looks good, stick your luggage on the stand for the rest of your trip.[31]
    • Try to keep your luggage in your suitcase, too. Dressers can be a popular spot for bed bugs to hang out.
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Section 5 of 5:

Bed Bug Bite Treatment

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    Wash the affected skin with soapy water. Soap and water help prevent the bites from getting infected. A quick but thorough wash can also help tone down the itchiness.[32]
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    Treat itchy bites with anti-itch cream and/or allergy medication. Pick up a corticosteroid cream from your local pharmacy and rub it all over the itchy bites.[33] Antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) can also help treat bed bug bites.[34]
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    Visit your doctor or dermatologist if you have more severe symptoms. Many bed bug bites are treatable at home, but call a medical professional right away if you notice any blisters, hives, swelling, or discharge around the bites. A doctor or dermatologist can help treat any allergic reactions or skin infections.[36]
    • Antibiotics and antiseptic medications are common treatments for bed bug bite-related skin infections.
    • If you’re having a severe allergic reaction, your doctor might inject you with epinephrine/adrenaline, an antihistamine, or a corticosteroid.
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Expert Q&A
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  • Question
    Can I get rid of bed bugs on my own?
    Kevin Carrillo
    Kevin Carrillo
    MMPC, Pest Control Specialist
    Kevin Carrillo is a Pest Control Specialist and the Senior Project Manager for MMPC, a pest control service and certified Minority-owned Business Enterprise (MBE) based in the New York City area. MMPC is certified by the industry’s leading codes and practices, including the National Pest Management Association (NPMA), QualityPro, GreenPro, and The New York Pest Management Association (NYPMA). MMPC's work has been featured in CNN, NPR, and ABC News.
    Kevin Carrillo
    Kevin Carrillo
    MMPC, Pest Control Specialist
    Expert Answer

    Support wikiHow by unlocking this expert answer.

    Yes, you can get rid of them on your own, although this comes with some caveats. For one, if your entire home is infested, it's going to be a really long, grueling process. It's much easier for an individual to treat a single area. Also, removing them on your own can be kind of hard work. If you want to keep things simple, I'd just hire a pro.
  • Question
    Could I be mistaking a bed bug for some other kind of bug?
    Kevin Carrillo
    Kevin Carrillo
    MMPC, Pest Control Specialist
    Kevin Carrillo is a Pest Control Specialist and the Senior Project Manager for MMPC, a pest control service and certified Minority-owned Business Enterprise (MBE) based in the New York City area. MMPC is certified by the industry’s leading codes and practices, including the National Pest Management Association (NPMA), QualityPro, GreenPro, and The New York Pest Management Association (NYPMA). MMPC's work has been featured in CNN, NPR, and ABC News.
    Kevin Carrillo
    Kevin Carrillo
    MMPC, Pest Control Specialist
    Expert Answer

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    Yes, there's a long list of other bugs that you may mistake for a bed bug. Part of it is that there's a lot of misinformation out there online. The only way for you to know with 100% certainty is to consult an expert. Carpet beetles, cockroach nymphs, shiny spider beetles, and book lice will all look like bed bugs.
  • Question
    Are bed bugs visible to the naked eye?
    Kevin Carrillo
    Kevin Carrillo
    MMPC, Pest Control Specialist
    Kevin Carrillo is a Pest Control Specialist and the Senior Project Manager for MMPC, a pest control service and certified Minority-owned Business Enterprise (MBE) based in the New York City area. MMPC is certified by the industry’s leading codes and practices, including the National Pest Management Association (NPMA), QualityPro, GreenPro, and The New York Pest Management Association (NYPMA). MMPC's work has been featured in CNN, NPR, and ABC News.
    Kevin Carrillo
    Kevin Carrillo
    MMPC, Pest Control Specialist
    Expert Answer

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    So an adult bed bug is clearly visible. The eggs are going to be roughly the size of a pinhead, but you can still see them by eye if you shine a light on them.
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Warnings

  • Pesticides can be an effective way to get rid of bed bugs, but it’s not a good idea to apply them on your own. Always talk to a pest control professional before using any chemical treatments around your home.[38]
    ⧼thumbs_response⧽
  • Let your landlord know if a bed bug infestation occurs in your apartment or rented home. Depending on where you live, they may be required to pay or assist with treatment. Even if they aren’t, it’s important to let them know what’s going on with their building.[39]
    ⧼thumbs_response⧽


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References

  1. ↑ https://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/bugs/factsheets/bed-bugs-mich-state-ext.pdf
  2. ↑ Kevin Carrillo. MMPC, Pest Control Specialist. Expert Interview. 22 October 2019.
  3. ↑ https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/do-it-yourself-bed-bug-control
  4. ↑ https://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/bugs/factsheets/bed-bugs-mich-state-ext.pdf
  5. ↑ https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vector/bed-bug-guide.pdf
  6. ↑ https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vector/bed-bug-guide.pdf
  7. ↑ Kevin Carrillo. MMPC, Pest Control Specialist. Expert Interview. 22 October 2019.
  8. ↑ https://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/bugs/factsheets/bed-bugs-mich-state-ext.pdf
  9. ↑ https://www.mass.gov/service-details/bed-bugs
  1. ↑ https://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/bugs/factsheets/bed-bugs-mich-state-ext.pdf
  2. ↑ https://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/bugs/factsheets/bed-bugs-mich-state-ext.pdf
  3. ↑ https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/do-it-yourself-bed-bug-control
  4. ↑ https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vector/bed-bug-guide.pdf
  5. ↑ https://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/pdf/bb-nonchemical1.pdf
  6. ↑ https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/do-it-yourself-bed-bug-control
  7. ↑ https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/environmental-health-protection/structural-pest-control/bed-bugs.html
  8. ↑ https://health.baltimorecity.gov/sites/default/files/BCHD_Bed_Bug_Manual_2011(small).pdf
  9. ↑ https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/do-it-yourself-bed-bug-control
  10. ↑ https://njaes.rutgers.edu/bed-bug/methods-to-control-bed-bugs.php
  11. ↑ http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/degen.html
  12. ↑ https://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/bugs/factsheets/bed-bugs-mich-state-ext.pdf
  13. ↑ https://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/pdf/bb-identify1.pdf
  14. ↑ https://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/pdf/bb-identify1.pdf
  15. ↑ https://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/bugs/factsheets/bed-bugs-mich-state-ext.pdf
  16. ↑ https://www.epa.gov/bedbugs/do-it-yourself-bed-bug-control
  17. ↑ https://city.milwaukee.gov/DNS-311_BedbugBroc_V1wb.pdf
  18. ↑ https://health.baltimorecity.gov/node/2026
  19. ↑ https://www.michigan.gov/emergingdiseases/home/bed-bugs
  20. ↑ https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vector/bed-bug-guide.pdf
  21. ↑ https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs1251/
  22. ↑ https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/pest-control-tips/bedbugs-how-do-i-avoid-them-when-travelling.html
  23. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/bed-bugs-treatment
  24. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/bed-bugs-treatment
  25. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bedbugs/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370005
  26. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17847-bedbugs
  27. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/bed-bugs-treatment
  28. ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/bedbugs/faqs.html
  29. ↑ https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/vector/bed-bug-guide.pdf
  30. ↑ https://citybugs.tamu.edu/factsheets/biting-stinging/others/ent-3012/

About This Article

Kevin Carrillo
Co-authored by:
Kevin Carrillo
MMPC, Pest Control Specialist
This article was co-authored by Kevin Carrillo and by wikiHow staff writer, Janice Tieperman. Kevin Carrillo is a Pest Control Specialist and the Senior Project Manager for MMPC, a pest control service and certified Minority-owned Business Enterprise (MBE) based in the New York City area. MMPC is certified by the industry’s leading codes and practices, including the National Pest Management Association (NPMA), QualityPro, GreenPro, and The New York Pest Management Association (NYPMA). MMPC's work has been featured in CNN, NPR, and ABC News. This article has been viewed 9,918,541 times.
2 votes - 100%
Co-authors: 163
Updated: November 9, 2022
Views: 9,918,541
Categories: Featured Articles | Bed Bug Control
Article SummaryX

To get rid of bed bugs, start by machine washing all of your infested bedding with hot water. If one of your infested items can't be washed, seal it in a plastic bag and put it in a hot, sunny area for several days until the heat kills the bed bugs. Once you've washed or bagged all of your infested items, thoroughly vacuum your house to pick up any leftover bugs or eggs. To learn other remedies for getting rid of bed bugs, like using tea tree oil or silica gel, read the article!

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