"Binchou-tan" is a manga and anime series created by Takahito Ekusa.
Binchou-tan is a manga and anime series created by Takahito Ekusa about a young girl who lives alone in the woods with a piece of charcoal (called "binchōtan") strapped to her head, and the life she leads with her friends.
The "Binchou-tan" character was originally created as a mascot character. A short 4-volume manga was created by Takahito Ekusa and published in November 2003, and a 12-episode anime TV series directed by Kazuhiro Furuhashi and produced by Studio Deen aired in February 2006.
For more information, see the manga's Wikipedia page or ANN Encyclopedia page.