The painting on the upper-right is just a cover for a fictional magazine, 近代文藝 published by 稀譚舎, from the source novel.
Apparently, the background art and the music that plays during that scene had been reused and recycled. In fact, if you compare the staff/cast behind Mouryou no Hako and Aoi Bungaku (for episode 9–10), you see they have a lot in common:
Staff
- Director: Ryosuke Nakamura
- Art Director: Hidetoshi Kaneko
- Sound Director: Yasunori Honda
- Music: Shusei Murai
Cast
- Tatsumi Sekiguchi/Takada (the protagonists): Hidenobu Kiuchi
- Yoriko Kusumoto/Melos' Sister: Mikako Takahashi
which explains the protagonists looking and sounding alike, and the recycling of the room design as well as the fictional magazine. However, Run, Melos! has got nothing to do with Mouryou no Hako, so the similarities might only confuse people.